Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Spanish Prepositional Pronouns

The easy part about learning the grammar of pronouns in Spanish is that they follow a structure similar to the pronouns of English, serving as subjects as well as objects of verbs and prepositions. The tricky part, at least for people whose first language is English, is remembering which pronouns to use. While English uses the same pronouns as objects of prepositions and for direct and indirect objects of verbs, Spanish has a different set of pronouns for each usage, and those sets overlap. The subject pronouns and prepositional pronouns are identical except in the first-person singular and familiar second-person singular forms. How To Use Prepositional Pronouns As you can probably guess, prepositional pronouns are those that come after prepositions. In a sentence such as Tengo una sorpresa para ella (I have a surprise for her), para (for) is the preposition and ella (her) is the prepositional pronoun. Here are the prepositional pronouns of Spanish along with examples of their usage: mà ­ (first-person singular, equivalent of me): El regalo es para mà ­. (The gift is for me.)ti (informal second-person singular, equivalent of you; note that there is no written accent on this pronoun): El regalo es para ti. (The gift is for you.)usted (formal second-person singular, equivalent of you): El regalo es para usted. (The gift is for you.)à ©l (third-person masculine singular, equivalent of him or it): El regalo es para à ©l. (The gift is for him.)  Miro debajo à ©l.  (I am looking under it.)ella (third-person feminine singular, equivalent of her or it): El regalo es para ella. (The gift is for her.)  Miro debajo ella.  (I am looking under it.)nosotros, nosotras (first-person plural, equivalent of us): El regalo es para nosotros. (The gift is for us.)vosotros, vosotras (second-person informal plural, equivalent of you): El regalo es para vosotros. (The gift is for you.)ustedes (second-person formal plural, equivalent of you): El regalo es para ustedes.  (Th e gift is for you.)ellos, ellas (third-person plural, equivalent of them): El regalo es para ellos. (The gift is for them.) Sà ­ as a Pronoun There is also another prepositional object that is occasionally used. Sà ­ is used to mean himself, herself, the formal yourself, the formal yourselves, or themselves as the object of a preposition. For example, à ©l compra el regalo para sà ­, he is buying the gift for himself. One reason you dont see this usage often is since the meaning is usually expressed using the reflexive form of the verb: Se compra un regalo, he is buying himself a gift. Pronouns for It Either à ©l or ella can mean it as the object of a preposition, although as a subject there is no Spanish word used for it. The word used depends on the gender of the noun it replaces, with à ©l being used for masculine nouns and ella being used for feminine nouns.  ¿Dà ³nde està ¡ la mesa? Necesito mirar debajo ella. (Where is the table? I need to look under it.) ¿Dà ³nde està ¡ el carro? Necesito mirar debajo à ©l.  (Where is the car? I need to look under it.) Similarly, ellos and ellas, when used as a preposition pronoun meaning them, can be used to represent things as well as people. Use ellos when referring to nouns that are masculine, ellas for feminine nouns. Ellos also is used when referring to a group that includes both masculine and feminine nouhs. Contigo and Conmigo Instead of saying con mà ­ and con ti, use conmigo and contigo. Él va conmigo.  (He is going with me.)  Ella va contigo.  (She is going with you.) You also should use consigo instead of con sà ­, although this word isnt very common. Él habla consigo. (He  talks with himself.) Exceptions: Prepositions Followed by Subject Pronouns Finally, note that yo and tà º are used with the following six prepositions instead of with mà ­ and ti, respectively: entre (between)excepto (usually translated as except)incluso (including or even)menos (except)salvo (except)segà ºn (according to) Also, hasta is used with the subject pronouns when it is used in the same way as incluso. Examples: Es la diferencia entre tà º y yo. (Its the difference between you and me.)Muchas personas incluso/hasta yo creen en las hadas. (Many people including me believe in fairies.)Todos excepto/menos/salvo tà º creen en las hadas. (Everybody except you believes in fairies.)Es la verdad segà ºn yo. (Its the truth according to me.)

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

The Christian Community At Large Talks About Unity

It seems like--in first world countries especially, and America in particular--Satan has largely been successful in dividing the Church. Not only have Christians been broken into factions, sometimes called denominations, but individuals in a single congregation are often isolated from one another. On a single street, we may find two distinct congregations of similar beliefs, made separate by something trivial as differing styles of worship. In a single pew, there may be two people who have no spiritual influence in each others lives because they belong to different social sets. And these are just the superficial matters--we haven t even considered divisions over Scriptural interpretations, or sin, or damaged relationships. The Christian community at large talks about unity. We (mostly) have a good sense of humor about light-hearted jibes across denominations and the stereotypes associated therewith. But how many of us reach out and develop friendships outside of our study group (or clique, or church)? How many churches are actually serving together, outside of their own denomination? How many Baptists would fellowship with Pentecostals, or Protestants with Catholics? Hang on a minute! I can t really expect Protestants and Catholics to get along. We ll have to call it good at civility. Firstly, there s a long history there, not all of it pretty. Secondly, have I read the doctrine of either side lately? Do I even understand the insane and radical thing I just daredShow MoreRelatedCameroon : The Secret Of Peace Documentary1572 Words   |  7 PagesNorth and the South, small villages and big cities, Christians and Muslims, priests and homeless kids, have all shared their experiences and perspectives on how different religions shape people’s relationships in local communities and at the national level. The first thing that I had in my mind while watching this documentary was Eller’s Cruel Creeds, Virtuous Violence reading that we had at the very beginning of the semester. Eller talks about six areas in which religion can contribute to the creationRead MoreMedia and Technology Representation1236 Words   |  5 Pagesmovie was thought provoking and simply beautiful. The movie was about war torn villages wherein Christians and Muslims are having personal conflicts and are plaguing the whole village at large. The conflict had mixed effect in the whole habitants of the village and the women on the movie are trying to keep off men from each other’s throat. The movie was all about the coexistence of Lebanese Muslim and Christians living in one community. The issue was felt by everyone as it was overtly done. The movieRead MoreNostra Aetate Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesYears ago, a man was crucified for saying he was God’s Son. His name was Jesus Christ. Those who f ollowed his teachings were named Christians; and Christians soon resented Jews for their sinful act. This tension between Christians and Jews lead to increasing hatred for one another. Not too long ago, anti-Semitism was common. Anti-Semitism led to the death of an entire population during the Holocaust. Luckily, the church has taken measures to rectify this anti-semitism with the publication of NostraRead MoreAugustine And Two Fathers Of The Greek Church1702 Words   |  7 Pagesgiant bronze and gilt canopy with four twisting pillars. Decorated in olive and laurel vines with nude children at play and chasing swarms of bees to come to rest underneath the canopy at a golden dove, symbolizing, peace, victory in peace, purity and unity, and the Holy Spirit, respectively (Interior of the Basilica.; DiMassa, 202-03). The bees symbolize a thing that works for the hive, its only ultimate goal is the continual success of the hive with no recompense to itself (DiMassa, 202-03). The sameRead MoreNew England and Chesapeake Regions Before 1700718 Words   |  3 Pagesthe New England colonies came from an area called East Anglia in Eastern England. They left England because of religious persecution and came to the New World seeking religious and social freedom. The immigrants that came to New England came in large families, as shown in the ships list of emigrants bound for New England in March, 1635. On the other hand, most of the people that settled in the Chesapeake region came without their family, as shown in the ships list of emigrants bound for VirginiaRead MoreLet s Stop Judging A Book By It s Cover1318 Words   |  6 Pagesconversation for positive social changes. For instance, in several African countries, poverty and lack of education is a huge problem. We can use conversation by teaching them the safety hazards that come with female genital cutting. For instance, Appiah talks about how his father came from a society where neither male or female were circum cised but eventually as a teen he decided to get circumcised. Circumcision became in a way â€Å"modern† just as Appiah explains it. This can relate to the topic of female circumcisionRead MoreThe Un Charter : The Violation Of National Sovereignty And Territorial Integrity Of A Member Of The Right770 Words   |  4 PagesI’m going to talk about the UN Charter. I think that some legal flaws of the UN Charter inevitably encourage the civil wars. State that influenced by Western Christianity culture often have great confusion on the role and interests of human rights and humanitarian due to religious obstacles. According to the UN Charter, collectivity benifits derive from Individualism (can be understood as human rights above sovereignty), which is actually its legal basis of existence. However, this term isRead MoreCultural Immersion Project Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pagesthe interesting things I found in my research was that, in Nigeria the Christian faith and the Muslim faith represents the greatest percentage of religions. I also learned that the Christians and Muslims pray every day several times a day. With that being said, I wondered if they believed in a higher entity prayed every day, who they are praying to? And what is their belief system based on? (question 1) Since their Christian faith seems to be divided into Catholic, Protestant or some other, I decidedRead More The Grapes of Wrath as Communist Propaganda E ssay example1199 Words   |  5 Pagesthe American Dream, and opportunity itself, but furthermore advocates social change. The book implicitly suggests communist ideals through the characters of Tom and Casey. Casey, in his questioning of Christian dogma, begins to reevaluate equality, in the terminology of what is holy. I figgered about the Holy Sperit and the Jesus road. I figgered, `Why do we got to hang it on God or Jesus? Maybe, I figgered, `maybe its all men an all women we love; maybe thats the Holy Sperit - the human speritRead MoreLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender1675 Words   |  7 PagesOne particular group that this paper will be focusing on is The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community because they face multiple levels of victimization, and it is hard for this group to adjust to society once they have identified themselves as being gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. In 2013, law enforcement agencies had reported 5,928 hate crime incidents, 20.8 percent were motivated by sexual orientation, and 60.6 percent were identified as gay male-targeted bias. Gay males

Friday, May 15, 2020

Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn

Known  for:  radical sentiments. She was a Christian socialist, a pacifist, an anti-vivisectionist, a vegetarian, and worked for womens suffrage, for prison reform, against lynching, against the death penalty, and against child labor. Occupation: poet, writerDates: 1876 - April 4, 1959Also known as: Sarah N. Cleghorn, Sarah Cleghorn Biography Robert Frost famously pointed out that the people of Vermont were taken care of by three great ladies. And one of these is wise and a novelist, one is mystic and an essayist and the third is saintly and a poet. Frost referred to Dorothy Canfield Fisher, Zephine Humphrey, and Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn. He also said of Cleghorn, To a saint and a reformer like Sarah Cleghorn the great importance is not to get hold of both ends, but of the right end. She has to be partisan. Born in Virginia in a hotel where her New England parents were visiting, Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn grew up in Wisconsin and Minnesota until she was nine. When her mother died, she and her sister moved to Vermont, where  aunts raised them. She lived most of her years in Manchester, Vermont. Cleghorn was educated at a seminary in Manchester, Vermont, and studied at Radcliffe College, but she could not afford to continue. Her circle of poet and writer friends included Dorothy Canfield Fisher and Robert Frost. She is considered part of the American Naturalists. She called her earlier poems sunbonnets -- poems which characterized country life -- and her later poems burning poems -- poems that pointed to social injustices. She was profoundly influenced by reading of an incident in the South, the burning alive of a Negro by his white neighbors. She was also disturbed by how little attention this incident drew. At 35, she joined the Socialist Party, though she later said that she had begun to do some cogitating on labor issues at age 16. She worked briefly in the Brookwood Labor School. On a visit to South Carolina, she was inspired by seeing a factory mill, with child laborers, next to a golf course, to write her best-remembered verse.   She oritinally submitted it as just this quatrain; it is part of a larger work,  Through the Needles Eye, 1916: The golf links lie so near the millThat almost every dayThe laboring children can look outAnd see the men at play. In middle age, she moved to New York to find work -- not too successfully. Over the years, forty of her poems were published in Atlantic Monthly. In 1937, she served briefly on the faculty of Wellesley College, as a substitute for Edith Hamilton, and she also substituted for a year at Vassar, both times in the English departments. She moved to Philadelphia in 1943, where she continued her activism, defending peace during the Cold War as an old Quaker. Sarah Cleghorn died in Philadelphia in 1959. Family Mother: Sarah Chestnut HawleyFather: John Dalton Cleghorn Education educated at homeBurr and Burton Seminary, of ManchesterRadcliffe, 1895-1906 Books A Turnpike Lady (novel), 1907.Hillsboro People (poems), 1915.Fellow Captains with Dorothy Canfield Fisher, 1916.The Spinsters (novel), 1916.Portraits and Protests (poems), 1917.Ballad of Eugene Debs, 1928.Miss Ross Girls , 1931.Ballad of Tuzulutlan, 1932.Ballad of Joseph and Damien, 1934.Threescore (autobiography), 1936. Robert Frost wrote the introduction.Peace and Freedom (poems), 1945

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Outside Beauty And Staying Forever Young - 912 Words

Essay 2 Outside beauty and staying forever young are the newest trends among today s society. Women have the highest rate of this surgical procedure because women have been conditioned at a young age to believe outer beauty is the most important part of a women’s body. Plastic or cosmetic surgery in the past has been kept a secret. Today plastic surgery is being embraced by the millions of women of all ages. Recently a friend of mine had a breast augmentation. Her argument was that she needed to feel more confident in her own body. She felt left out of her group of friends because they were all skinny and fit and just so perfect. of proportion to the rest of her body. Young and old women today feel the need to look perfect like those victories secret models. Some other causes for plastic surgery comes from low self-esteem issues and the need to be accepted as beautiful by everyone. In other words, in the 2000’s more than 6.3 million women underwent the surgery. The most popular surgical procedures for women in 2000’s were eyelid surgery, breast augmentation and facelifts. There were nearly 11.9 million surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures performed in 2004. In addition, the top surgical procedures in 2004 were breast augmentation, eyelid surgery, and facelift. The non-surgical cosmetic procedures in 2004 were Botox injection and laser hair removal wherever needed. Since 1997 there has been a major increase in the total number of cosmetic procedures. SurgicalShow MoreRelatedOutside Beauty And Staying Forever Young1238 Words   |  5 PagesOutside beauty and staying forever young are the newest trends among today s society. Women are the highest percentage of this trend because women have been conditioned at young age to believe outer beauty is unsurpassed. Plastic or cosmetic surgery in the past has been kept hushed, never knowing did she have her nose worked on? Today plastic surgery is being embraced by the millions and highly lo oked upon. Recently a friend of mine had a breast augmentation. Her argument was the need to feel moreRead MoreDescriptive Essay On Beauty850 Words   |  4 PagesBeauty. Every person has a different standard of it. The hill country is my place of beauty and peace. Green trees and grass. Flowers blooming and butterflies everywhere. Birds singing their melodies and deer roaming peacefully. The sparkling sun causing everything around us to sparkle. Lampasas, Texas is a little town many people know nothing of. However, it’s the closest place to Heaven on this earth. My family is from there. My great-grandma has a house on the outside of Lampasas. The beauty ofRead MoreThe Truth about Forever by Sara Dessen Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesperson for her. The theme/main idea for this novel is friendship and finding your voice, â€Å"As for me, I was just trying to get it right, whatever that meant...Everyone has a forever, but given a choice, this {moment} would be mine† (3 70). Macy’s friends help her in life, and teach her important lessons that she will remember forever. â€Å"fly† (368 and 41) denotative~ move through the air connotative~ like you are on top of the world, a great feeling, finally coming out into the open, like you are soaringRead MoreThe Pressures Of Youth And Beauty2204 Words   |  9 PagesThe Pressures of Youth and Beauty The novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, tells the story of a man obsessed with the pursuit of beauty and youth. He goes as far as to sell his soul, both literally and figuratively, in order to maintain his own youthful beauty. To preserve his youthful beauty, Dorian Gray allows his sins to be captured in a canvas self-portrait. However, in doing so, he does not take into account the impact his actions will have on others as well as on his own soul. In the novel,Read MoreFashion in My Passion Essay710 Words   |  3 Pagesfeels, how their day went, or what lifestyle they live. Ive always wanted to help women enhance their natural beauty. I suffered from low self esteem myself, but embracing who I was and my style bought confidence and drive to my life. This has been my passion since I was five years old and even in the present day fashion is my biggest muse in life. Though I have had my obstacles staying true to my style, dedication to be successful, and my learning from my mistakes has gotten me to this opportunityRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1595 Words   |  7 Pagesin which women had no rights and no importance outside of marriage. Pride and Prejudice was written in 1813. Romanticism begins around 1789. Their priorities consists of emotionalism, self consciousness, respect for dignity of childhood, an interest in folk culture, and primitive origins for rural life.Pride and Prejudice is a window into the lives of young eighteenth century British women. â€Å"Romanticism reflected a deep appreciation of the beauties of nature. For the romantics, nature was how theRead MoreThe Medias Dependence On Technology1510 Words   |  7 PagesCombination After All†, she discusses a recommendation from the American Academy of Pediatrics that suggests children under the age of two should have little exposure to games and media. Children’s brains grow rapidly during the first years of life and â€Å"...young children learn best by interacting with people, not screens† (Gregoire). Unfortunately, it has become common for parents to rely on technology to distract or â€Å"teach† their children. However, Loren Frank, a psychologist at the University of CaliforniaRead MoreThe Market And Increase Profit Within The Retail Markets Essay1780 Words   |  8 PagesStaying relevant in the market and increase profit within the retail markets in America are very challenged. Especially, it is more difficult in this current economy and highly competitive industry. Macy’s is well-known as a mid to high range department store sells huge variety products from luxury such as Michael Kors, Ralph Lauren, Coach to economic products which is more affordable for people. The main strategy that Macy’s used to stay ahead of their competitors was their ability to sell theirRead MoreSocietys Dependence On Technology1405 Words   |  6 PagesAcademy of Pediatrics that suggests children under the age of two should have little exposure to games and media, this includes even games that are designed for educational purposes. Children’s brains grow rapidly during the first years of life and â€Å"...young children learn best by interacting with people, not screens† (Gregoire). Unfortunately, it has become common for parents to rely on technology to distract or â€Å"teach† their children. However, Nancy Carlsson-Paige, a professor at Lesley University inRead MoreHow Media Has Become A Big Influ ence For Teenage Cosmetic Surgeries1757 Words   |  8 Pageswere surgical procedures such as nose reshaping, breast lifts, breast augmentation, liposuction, and tummy tucks.† Among today’s society, outside beauty and staying forever young are the newest trends. Today, a devastating amount of American teenagers choose to alter their body in order to fit the unrealistic standard of physical attractiveness created by our beauty-obsessed culture. Media has become a big influence for teenage cosmetic surgeries. Magazines, social media, and television have portrayed

Analysis of the Astronomers Wife Essays - 791 Words

Analysis of The Astronomers Wife In the Astronomers Wife by Kay Boyle, something as simple as a conversation with a plumber about a stopped elbow is enough to trigger an awakening in Mrs. Katherine Ames. When Mrs. Ames realized that the plumber was talking about something she understood (the stopped elbow), she realized that her marital problems were not the result of a division betwwen the sexes; instead, she realized that some men, like the plumber, are as practical as she is, and that some other men, like her husband, scorn people like her because they are intellectually inclined. Previous to this discovery, Katherine did not realize that there were different kinds of men, and therefore she did not realize that she and her†¦show more content†¦The division between people in her mind was no longer just between men and women; it was now the working and the thinking, those who had always gone up, [and] others who went down, like the corporeal being of the dead. She now recognized that there were both phys ical and spiritual human beings, herself and the plumber being the former, and her husband being the latter. The theme is revealed in the way that these two classes of people, the toilers and the thinkers, react to the world. The people who work with their hands, when they see weeds springing up, [do] not move to tear them up from life. In other words, people like Mrs, Ames, upon recognizing something that occupies the same position in society that they do, such as the often ill- regarded weed, do not feel compelled to destroy it. Weeds, like the workers, although considered ugly, are as necessary for nature to be in balance as the more beautiful flower is. However, people like the astronomer could balance and divide, weed out, destroy. This indicates that people with lofty ambitions, like the astronomer, do not regard the common people as necessary for the world to run smoothly, and would rather obliterate them. The astronomer does not realize that by unclogging

Efficiency of Static Mixers in Process-Free-Samples for Students

Question: What is the effect of using crude mixers in gas oil separation plant GOSP, especially static mixers are used in GOSPs widely in order to gain more separation in the process inside the plant. Answer: Introduction Static mixers are accurate designed gadgets specified for ceaseless blending of liquid materials or gases. Typically the liquids to be blended are normally fluids, however static blenders or mixers can further be used or utilized in blending of gas streams, scattering of gases into miscible fluids or mix immiscible fluids. Different types of static mixes have different types of structure . There are a few kinds of static mixers to choose from depending upon the specific application. A portion of the more ordinary outlines comprises of plates, confuses, helical components or geometric lattices situated at exact points to coordinate stream and increment turbulence. Others are made out of discrete courses or portions that stack together to frame a total blender. Shapes likewise differ - regular static blenders have a round cross-area however different shapes are moreover accessible (square, rectangular, and so forth.) for particular necessities. Static mixers. A static mixer or unmoving blender is a gadget embedded into a lodging or pipeline with the target of controlling liquid streams to isolate, recombine, quicken/decelerate, spread, whirl or shape layers as they go through the blender. Because of these adjustments in the liquid stream, blend segments are brought into suggest contact. Static mixers are along these lines used not just for entirely blending prerequisites yet in addition response forms. Streams in discharge pipe creates some level of continuous mixing yet they are large, satisfactory mixing must be accomplished by an unfeasible length of pipe. Embeddings a static mixer essentially quickens inline response. This procedure is basically alluring wherever it is constant, modest and quick activity is required. Since there are no moving parts in the still mixer, it is fundamentally maintenance free and can be termed as effectively as any bit of pipe. Vitality for blending is accessible as weight. Regardless of whether material i s gravity-sustained or constrained through the blender utilizing outer pumps, weight misfortune is one outcome of static blending and is once in a while the constraining element in blender determination.There are many types of static mixtures the following is brief description of the some of the static mixers. Westfalls high shear static mixer This has a thin profile which permits basic drop-in establishment in pipelines from 2 to 120. Interchange vortex shedding makes elite blending inside a restricted space. This is a full pipe unmoving blender into which up to six added substances can be infused all the while or in particularly planned stages. High shear mixing additionally makes small scale rise from viable expulsion of salt. Where space is constrained, this moderate static mixer is perfect for city and local foundation redesigns. It is accessible with an extensive variety of infusion ports and plumes, and a decision of 3 opening sizes. The blender opposes fouling and expects next to zero support. Ross LPD and LLPD Static Mixer A LPD Static Mixer comprises of a progression of semi-circular plates discriminately situated in arrangement. Two plates opposite to each other make up a solitary component. The blending task in this kind of static mixer is in view of the part and occupying of the input stream(s). LPD vs. LLPD Design static Mixer At the point when the accessible weight drop is constrained, a LPD blender with a bigger distance across than the process channeling can be chosen. The bigger blender lodging is embedded into the current line utilizing suitable connectors. Another alternative is to utilize a somewhat unique style static blender. The LLPD comprises of semi-curved plates like the LPD plan, yet the plates are 120 degrees with respect to each other rather than 90 degrees. Length to distance across proportion increments from 1.5 to 1.75, and weight drop is diminished by a factor of 0.46.Hence the two static mixers have different characteritsics. Beneficial in terms of static mixer opex and capex , Capex refers to an expense that a business incur for it to create benefits in future while apex is the day to day charges that business incurs for smooth running. Efficiency of Static mixers in process The efficiency is attained through the following ways. Chemineer offers the Kenics HEV high-proficiency static blender. The HEV gives weight misfortunes up to 75% lower than other regular static mixer, and can deal with any turbulent stream blending process paying little mind to size or shape. Blending is refined by controlled vortex structures created by the protected low-profile tab geometry, giving uniform mixing while at the same time restricting blender length to under 1-1/2 pipe breadths. Ordinary applications for example the HEV static blender incorporate all low-thickness fluid mixing procedures and gas-gas blending. The HEV are effortlessly arranged for non-round cross segments, giving effective added substance mixing in places not appropriate for customary static blenders. It is particularly reasonable for gas stage forms where weight misfortune and length are basic. Experimented plan connections permit 100% ensured blending execution, notwithstanding with added substances in the PPM run. These blending standards result in an applications innovation that can be effectively duplicated and dependably scaled. Various autonomous examinations have been demonstrated that Kenics static mixers augment blending proficiency without the squandered vitality and material blockage regularly found in more prohibitive and unmoving static mixers. Additional HEV Static Mixer highlights include: Least weight drop accessible Boundless sizes and shapes Most limited conceivable blender length Simple retrofit to existing lines Accessibility in all metals and amalgams, FRP, PVC, PFA and epoxy-covered steel Limitations. The number of situations provides are always 2. Rotation of materials provided result in losing of the gradient temperatures. Fixed geometric sides provide fully flow of divisions. At succeeding static mixture is divided into two for exponential increase Conclusion The part of static mixers in present day assembling and manufacturing industries continue to be a critical one. Despite the fact that they are moderately reasonable apparatus, legitimate plan and determination of static mixers must not be underestimated to guarantee ideal execution, high operational proficiency and long haul valuable life. Joining forces with the providers with broaden experience and a decent reputation of assembling will lead into a dependable and well-made geared plans. References Thakur, R. K., Vial, C., Nigam, K. D. P., Nauman, E. B., Djelveh, G. (2009). Static mixers in the process industriesa review.Chemical Engineering Research and Design,81(7), 787-826. Ugwu, C., Ogbonna, J., Tanaka, H. (2010). Improvement of mass transfer characteristics and productivities of inclined tubular photobioreactors by installation of internal static mixers.Applied microbiology and biotechnology,58(5), 600-607. Rauline, D., Tanguy, P. A., Le Blvec, J. M., Bousquet, J. (2009). Numerical investigation of the performance of several static mixers.The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,76(3), 527-535. Rauline, D., Tanguy, P. A., Le Blvec, J. M., Bousquet, J. (2008). Numerical investigation of the performance of several static mixers.The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,76(3), 527-535. Chisti, Y., Kasper, M., Moo?Young, M. (2009). Mass transfer in external?loop airlift bioreactors using static mixers.The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,68(1), 45-50.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Effect of Urbanization on Obesity and Diabetes in India - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Urbanization on Obesity and Diabetes in India. Answer: Introduction India like any other nations in the world is experiencing high mortality rates due to the prevalence of obesity and diabetes (Bowen et al., 2011). A person is considered obese when his body mass index abbreviated as BMI is above 30kg/m2, with a range of 25 to 30kg/m2 defined as overweight. As it is evident, diabetes is a chronic disease in which the bodys ability to respond or produce insulin (a hormone) is impaired, hence resulting in unusual metabolism of Carbs (CHOs) plus elevated levels of sugar in the body, especially urine and the blood. Over the decades the prevalence of diabetes has been witnessed in India especially in the urban centers. In the early 1980s only 5% of Indian adults living in urban centers had diabetes, but in 2004 the figure had already risen to 15% (Ebrahim et al., 2010). In the suburban areas of India, diabetes is less common, with a rate of 6% which is almost a third of the prevalence in urban areas. Obesity has also been a contributing factor to the wides pread of diabetes. Studies show that urban areas have registered high rates of obesity compared to rural areas, especially the case of India. Ebrahim et al. in their study used a cross- sectional study to investigate the effect of urbanization on obesity and diabetes in India. The hypothesis that rural-urban migrants had greater risks of being obese as well as developing diabetes was analyzed and compared with the rural dwellers Methods Used. Using a framework of CVD hazard ratio, the study was conducted in four companies in the cities of Lucknow, Nagpur, Hyderabad, and Bangalore in the urban center of India. Out of these factories, the workers were recruited using an employer record as a sampling frame. In the recruitment, it was ensured that the workers were rural to urban migrants. Each of the recruited employees was asked to invite a non-migrant of their next kin of their age living in rural areas. When recruiting, the invitees were given priority in regard to gender and where the sex was the same the person close to the age of the worker was considered. Out of this exercise,' the rural dwellers recruited were from 20 states compared to the 29 Indian states, hence showing a migratory trend of the four factories labor force. Out of the invited non-migrants, 25% of them were randomly selected to participate in the study. However, the study commenced on March 2005 and lasted for 31 months. In the study, standing height w as taken using a stadiometer and the weight measured with shoes off and on light clothing. They were also examined for blood pressure and interviewed to obtain any data regarding alcohol consumption or tobacco use such as smoking of cigarettes. Obesity and diabetes-related outcomes were also assessed where the diagnosis of diabetes was made using a WHO fasting plasma sugar criteria of 7.0 millimoles per liter. Homeostasis model assessment scores (HOMA) for estimating insulin impairment were also established using a standard formula of blood glucose on the aspect of the initial approach. In the study, a dietary assessment was done using a food frequency questionnaire. To check for the worthiness of the questionnaire, sub-samples were pledged to fill questionnaires (n=185) and (n=305) following the completion of the survey in an initial data collection. Other 530 participants were subjected to the reference technique of 24-hour dietary recalls that were used to authentify the food frequency questionnaire. Besides, their fat intake was measured. Another method that was used in the study was physical activity where the interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to check the physical activity plus other usual daily occurrences. The validation of the questionnaire was done in 45 urban as well as 49 rural participants via making comparisons with the 24-hour activity diary plus uniaxial accelerometer. Moreover participants were urged to attend fasting where the period of the final meal was noted. Their blood samples with an exclusion of sugar assays was alienated and then stored. Lastly, men and women were analyzed each differently as it were foreseen that gender sensitivity might bring differences in the migration effects hence the cause of obesity and diabetes. Since the participants were from different factories and of different age, adjustments were made regarding such. As the rural group was expected to have fewer risks of obesity and diabetes compared to their counterparts in the urban group as postulates in the hypoth esis, a trend test was done scoring the groups 1 up to 3 as well as using R .T or likelihood ratio tests. Another hypothesis of whether the effect in migrant plus rural group was the same was also conducted and the analysis made using STATA 10. Findings Workers records showed that 21, 663 employees in the four cities/factories were available for the study. About 72% that is 15, 595 of those people were contacted of whom 88% about 13, 696 finished the assessment of eligibility for the study. Out of the 88%, 55% that is around 7, 595 were eligible for the inclusion reason being they were among the 25% who were randomly selected from the urban non-migrants. About 94% that is 7, 101 people conformed to complete the clinical examinations. Besides, factory employees living in suburban places and who traveled to their workplace every day were retracted from the analysis. There was no difference found in the mean age, migrant status, distance from the suburban area of origin as well as the marital status of the participants. Besides, self-reported widespread of CVD was 14.8% in non-responders a less percentage compared to the 21.0% of non-consenters and 19.4 % in responders. Ideally, there was also a difference in the smoking between respon ders as well as other groups. Out of the 6510 participants who were in the analyses about 42% that is 2723 were females. In general, 2112 were rural to urban migrants, 2111 no-migrant suburban residents and 2287 were non-migrant city dwellers. Urban males were a bit older relative to the suburban men but of the same age bracket to those of migrant males. Most importantly, the majority of migrants had spent a considerable amount of time in the urban areas with men having a median of 26 years and females 21years. Moreover, comparison of the risk factors as well as health issues between rural groups, migrants and urban has also been presented throughout the study. There was significant evidence in females and males of differences in body mass index between the suburban, urban and migrant people. Obesity was highly prevalent in urban women at a rate of 53% at 95% confidence interval and lowest in suburban men at 18% with the migrants in the intermediate position. Moreover, the occupation, age as well as the factory adjustment odds of obesity lied in the range of 3 4 fold higher in migrant compared to the suburban women and men. The urban plus migrant groups were equal concerning the MET h/d of physical activity while the suburban group had a greater MET h/.' Alcohol consumption and smoking were limited among women, however, among the migrant men, they registered the least chances of smoking while the suburban men the most. Odds of hypersensitivity in urban as well as migrant men was almost double that of suburban men. Besides, increased odds were evident in women. In both women as well as men, fasting blood sugar levels were the same in migrant plus urban groups and lowest in the suburban groups. HOMA scores registered a hierarchical trend from urban, migrant to suburban. The widespread of the disease was high in urban groups, followed by migrants and rural group the least. However, both migrant and urban males and females had over two-fold increased odds of obesity disease relative to the suburban participants. Discussion and conclusion A hypothesis that urbanization had higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes compared to the suburban non-migrants was highly supported by the findings (Ebrahim et al., 2010). On the other hand, the other hypothesis which migrants had intermediate prevalence relative to city residents was not upheld. However rural-urban migration was connected with less physical activity and increased fat consumption in males females relative to the rural residents, and this probably led to the greater obesity levels diabetes as it was witnessed in migrants. The gender difference witnessed in the study was not expected with the migration-linked differences in fasting blood sugar, hypertension, insulin, and lipids only observed in males. Also, adjustments for the body mass index in the analysis resulted in the weakening of the area of origin effect in males for lipids as well as blood pressure showing that rise in such factors among the migrants might be caused by being obese (Hernandez et al., 2012). Besides, the migration study does not separate the effect of age during the migration starting from the period of stay in the host demography. Among the Mexicans, it had been witnessed that the first generation immigrants had a good health irrespective of the low socioeconomic status compared to their counterparts, white Americans. However, such advantage decreases with the length of stay in America. Such findings imply that there might e latency of the effect of health behavior plus outcome. From the results of the study, theres evidence that influence of migration on being obese is fast, happening in the initial years of migration. This confirms findings from migrants to America. Hence, given a small number of migrant s in the research that had lived in city centers for a short while, the results needs to be viewed with keenness plus needs replication (Kaveeshwar and Cornwall, 2014). However, the aspect of access to better heath care might also play a significant role in the diagnosis of high blood pressure as well as diabetes. Besides, the subject of migration studies is not clear since the change in the health outcome might show the impact of an area of origin, the effect of the migration process itself, selection of the individuals who migrate as well as exposure to the new environmental factors such as climate. Mbanya et al., (2010) accounts that migration as an exposure is sophisticated since it entails a wide spectrum of environmental, behavioral and socioeconomic shifts. Despite the fact that data was collected using the sibling pair method, the aim of the current analysis was to compare between the urban, rural and migrant groups. Of the three groups only the migrant is paired with the rural groups while the urban group remains to be independent. However, a recent study on India gave an adult prevalence of being obese among people in the labor force of 20% in the urban centers as well as 6% in the suburban areas. This is much lower compared to the prevalence of over 20% and 40% in rural and urban ce nters respectively. Besides, in the larger survey of six major towns, the age-adjusted diabetes prevalence of 11% was registered in 2000 (Ebrahim et al., 2010). This figure is far way low relative to the urban diabetic prevalence of 15%. In a different study in India, a diabetic prevalence of 15 % was reported. Findings from this study confirm an earlier finding of high levels of insulin in cities relative to the suburban participants. This shows that a few of the impacts of rural to urban migration might be due to biological factors which lead to an increased (Yajnik, 2004). Insulin secretion in the body because of the cells resistance. The findings presented in this study conforms to other findings on migrants from other studies where greater level of insulin have been witnessed in Indians living overseas,' in demographics from other developed nations going through swift rural to urban migration as well as in migrant demographics elsewhere(Millet et al., 2013). The response rates presented in this study might have been lower compared to the anticipated large due to the logistic complexities of the sibling pair method. But in some of the instances, they involved say a day to reach the study station plus another day to commute back to the suburban sibling. Also, a difference in the smoking prevalence between the non-consenters, non-responders, and responders was persistent with a play of chance. To sum it up, urbanization is connected with increased prevalence in being obese that drives other risks such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes to mention just a few (Misra and Ganda, 2007). 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